Clouds regulate the Earth’s energy balance by reflecting the incoming solar radiation and re-emiting solar radiation back to the surface and trapping the longwave radiation emitted from the Earth’ surface. As the planet is warming due to increased levels of green-house gases (GHGs), the cloud patterns are slowly changing. However, whether cloud changes will eventually dampen or amplify the GHG-induced warming and by how much remains unknown. Moreover, clouds generate precipitation, which has a direct impact on the supply of fresh water on Earth. Despite their critical role for climate, clouds remain the most elusive component of the climate system, and the largest source of uncertainty on all atmospheric models. Of all cloud types, mixed-phase (clouds are by far the most uncertain, and dominate the energy balance and precipitation in many regions of the globe.